The Future of Air Traffic Control

As FAA moves through the transition of air traffic control from radar-based to satellite-based, controllers and pilots will have the advantage of increasingly sophisticated technology. While radars require aircraft to fly over their physical locations on the ground, satellite-technology will allow controllers to guide aircraft in more direct routes through the nation's airspace. Essentially, every controller in the United States will be able to see the exact position of every aircraft flying in our airspace, no matter where in the country they work.

NextGen will have the technology and infrastructure necessary to handle the increasing air traffic expected in the coming decades. Satellite-based navigation will allow aircraft to fly more direct routes and navigate around inclement weather which will increase airspace capacity and reduce delays.

Today's Air Traffic Control

Most air traffic controllers today do their jobs without ever seeing the aircraft they guide.

They monitor radar screens to track aircraft. As aircraft fly over radar sites, the data from those radars is communicated digitally via telecommunications lines to controllers hundreds or even thousands of miles away.

Controllers in en route facilities guide airplanes flying at high altitudes through large sections of airspace. As aircraft fly across the country, pilots talk to controllers in successive en route centers. There are 21 en route centers that control aircraft flying through Unites States airspace.

At approach control facilities, controllers guide aircraft as they approach, or leave, airspace surrounding airports to about 40 miles away.

Controllers at most of these facilities handle approach control for many different airports in one facility. For example, Potomac TRACON handles air traffic going into and out of all the airports around Washington D.C., Baltimore, MD, and Richmond, VA. All of the controllers in this facility are experts at one section of the airspace the facility controls, but they work closely together to ensure a smooth transition of all aircraft though the entire region.

At the Air Traffic Control System Command Center, controllers plan air traffic for the entire country, taking into consideration how weather and other events, such as military maneuvers, will affect air traffic patterns. Command Center controllers talk to controllers in other facilities and to airline traffic managers to come up with "master plans."

The public is most familiar with air traffic control towers at airports. Controllers in these facilities guide aircraft as they take off or land and taxi from or to the gate. Their primary function is to separate aircraft on the airport surface. But many airports in the United States don't have towers so controllers at remote approach control facilities guide aircraft into and out of those airports

The United States' air traffic control system is the safest in the world.

To keep it that way, FAA and its Air Traffic Organization work continuously to improve the system. This includes incorporating new equipment and facilities as well as determining where that equipment and those facilities will be most effective.

The FAA is working on a plan now to make the best use of new and existing technology, infrastructure, and employees to handle the doubling and tripling of air traffic expected in the coming decades. The Next Generation Air Transportation System, or NextGen, will transform the national airspace system from one that is based on ground radars to one that uses satellite technology.

The Airbus A380 - Makes Aviation History

The world’s largest passenger plane, the Airbus A380, took its maiden flight, cruising over the Pyrenees mountains in an aviation milestone that Europe’s jetliner maker hopes will give it a leg up in its battle with American rival Boeing Co.

   The double-decked plane, which can carry 840 passengers, landed to applause at 2:22 p.m. (8:22 a.m. EDT) after a flight of nearly four hours. About 30,000 spectators watched the white plane with blue tail take off and touch down, 101 years after the Wright brothers achieved the first controlled, sustained flight.   plane weighs 308 tons.‘‘The first flight of a brandnew aircraft is a real milestone,’’ co-pilot Claude Lelaie said.   smaller, long-range jets like Boeing’s 787 ‘‘Dreamliner’’ show that Airbus was wrong to focus resources on a superjumbo jet at the expense of its own mid-size A350 — which is due to enter service in 2010, two years after its Boeing rival.

   Before it landed, its front lights shining, the A380 did a slow flyover above the airport in Blagnac, southwest France, where it had taken off at 10:29 a.m. (4:29 a.m. EDT). The crew, dressed in orange suits, waved happily when they threw open the door and descended the steps.

   ‘‘A new page in aviation history has been written,’’ French President Jacques Chirac said in Paris. ‘‘It is a magnificent result of European industrial cooperation.’’ European governments put up about a third of the $13 billion spent in developing the A380 over 11 years, a huge gamble on a new jetliner size that Boeing passed on. The

   Airbus believes airlines will need plenty of giant aircraft to fly passengers between everbusier hub airports. It designed the A380 to carry passengers about 5 percent farther than Boeing’s longest-range 747 jumbo jet, with a per-passenger cost as much as 20 percent lower. It has booked orders for 154 A380s from 15 carriers, including Air France, Lufthansa and Virgin.

   But some analysts say signs of a boom in demand for
   Airlines in mid-2006, about three months behind the previous schedule.

   The A380 now is scheduled to enter service for Singapore

THE WRIGHT BROTHERS HISTORY

WRIGHT BROTHERS

1890 --The wright brothers' father gives them a flying toy made by the Frenchman, Penaud. It is their first exposure to a winged craft and it sparks their imaginations.

August 1896 --The brothers read about Lilienthal's death and discuss his work and research on flight. This is when the first seeds of how to fly were planted in their minds.

June 1899 --Wilbur writes a letter to the Smithsonian Institution, asking for research information about flight. This forms the basis of their design.

May 1900 --Wilbur begins corresponding with Octave Chanute who shared research information he had been gathering about flight. This gave the brothers someone with whom they could discuss aeronautical ideas.

July 1899 --Wilbur's observations of how birds use their wings during turbulence give him the idea of "wing warping." He successfully tries out the theory on a biplane kite.

October 1900 --The brothers fly their first glider at Kitty Hawk where they are baffled by a problem with the center of air pressure and how unstable it is. This causes them to redesign the wings' horizontal rudders to a proper size and shape to counterbalance the changing center of air pressure on the wings.

August 1901 --Although they had broken the distance for glider flight carrying humans, they are still confounded by the problem of control during turning (drag caused the aircraft to slip sideways and lose control). This inspires them to create a wind tunnel with which to test wing theories.

November 1901 --The brothers create their own wind tunnel to test the effectiveness of different types of wing camber on lift and drag.

September 1902 --Orville unexpectedly discovers the stalling angle of wings.

October 1902 --Trouble with "tailspin" prompts the brothers to redesign the vertical rudder that features one large movable flap.

February 1903 --An engine especially designed for their aircraft is made by the brothers and their mechanic, Charlie Taylor. Previously there were no engines small, light or powerful enough to be used for aircraft. The brothers design one just for this purpose. Propellers are also designed. And just like the engine, the brothers do the original research and experiments to design the best type of propellers.

November 1903 --While testing the engine, the drive shafts are damaged. Even after repairing the drive shafts, the brothers realize that the shafts have to be made of steel, not wood. This makes the shafts stronger.

December 1903 --They make four powered flights.

1905 --Wilbur stays airborne for 38 minutes, flying 24 miles.

1908 --Orville flies for over an hour with a passenger. They also sign a contract with the governments of the US and France to manufacture aircraft.

THE WRIGHT BROTHERS AIRCRAFT

THE WRIGHT AIRCRAFT PATENT PAPERWORK FOR THE WRIGHT FLYING MACHINE

Military Aviation

Military aviation is used to attack or defend a country through the sky.Military aviation is the use of aircraft and other flying machines for the purposes of conducting or enabling warfare, including national airlift (cargo) capacity to provide logistical supply to forces stationed in a theater or along a front. Air power includes the national means of conducting such warfare including the intersection of transport and war craft.There are many types of military aircraft, but the basic types of military aircraft are bombers, fighters, Fighter bombers, Spotter planes, transports, patrol aircraft, trainers, and reconnaissance and observation aircraft.These varied types of aircraft allow for the completion of a wide variety of objectives.

General Aviation

General aviation is all civilian flying except scheduled passenger airline service.

General aviation includes flying as diverse as overnight package delivery and a

weekend visit back home; as different as emergency medical evacuation and inspection trips to remote construction sites; as complementary as aerial application to keep crops healthy and airborne law enforcement to keep the peace.

General aviation benefits the community in so many ways it’s hard to cover them all.

An estimated 65% of general aviation flights are conducted for business and public services that need transportation more flexible than the airlines can offer. That flexibility can be a hometown businessman flying his own small airplane to see four clients on a one-day, 700-mile circuit, or it can be a CEO and five staff members working at 30,000 feet while en route to a major meeting. By scheduled airline, the first could take four days and three hotel bills; the second would be impossible. Like the family automobile, the family airplane (owned

or rented) can provide mobility and pleasure, and it’s almost always a more enjoyable trip by air.

The family airplane can triple the comfortable range of vacation travel while avoiding the stress and frustrations of heavy traffic. And, of course, the family breadwinners can use the same airplane to great advantage in business by virtue of its speed and flexibility. A common misconception leads some to think of personal or small business aircraft as only for the extremely wealthy. In fact, many people of middle-class means fly airplanes less costly to acquire than a new family car.